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Lava burning through an Atlantic island reaches the ocean as volcanic eruptions continue

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When lava reaches the ocean, the “thermal shock” of very hot rock mixing with the seawater can create acidic steam, said Cecilia Reed, a volcano expert and natural hazards communicator with the Royal Geographical Society in London.

According to Reed, the main particle in the rising columns of water vapor is hydrochloric acid. If winds blow these columns inland, they can end up dispersing the acid along the coastline, leaving local residents at risk of skin and eye irritation as well as breathing problems.

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